Remerciements
List of Symbols
General introduction

• 1 Context
• 2 Noise mitigation and vegetation
• 3 Forested areas in France and their interest for acoustics
• 4 Prediction methods and forest
• 5 Thesis organization

1 Forest and sound propagation

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Ground effects inside forest
  • 1.2.1 Introduction to the forest floor
  • 1.2.2 Impedance models
  • 1.2.3 Estimation of the ground impedance parameters
  • 1.2.4 Insertion loss measurements
  • 1.2.5 Discussion on the ground effect related to forest floors
• 1.3 Scattering of acoustic waves inside forests
  • 1.3.1 Introduction
  • 1.3.2 Single scattering from an isolated tree-trunk
  • 1.3.3 Multiple scattering
  • 1.3.4 Discussion on sound scattering inside forests
• 1.4 Meteorological effects
  • 1.4.1 Meteorological fluctuation related to forests
  • 1.4.2 Impact of the meteorological fluctuations on acoustics
  • 1.4.3 Discussion on the meteorological effects
• 1.5 Synthesis of the literature review

2 Absorbing matched layers for the transmission-line matrix method

• 2.1 Presentation of the transmission-line matrix (TLM) method
  • 2.1.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.2 Description of the TLM method
  • 2.1.3 Implementation of the TLM method
• 2.2 An absorbing matched layer implementation for the TLM method
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Overview of the absorbing conditions used for the TLM method
  • 2.2.3 The perfectly matched layer (PML) theory
  • 2.2.4 Derivation of a PML-based absorbing layer for the TLM method
  • 2.2.5 Numerical results
  • 2.2.6 Conclusion on the AML formulations
• 2.3 Conclusion

3 Scattering of acoustic waves by circular scatterers using the TLM method

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Simulation of single scattering using the TLM method
  • 3.2.1 Scattering of a plane wave by a 2D circular scatterer
  • 3.2.2 Scattering of spherical wave by a cylinder normal to an impedance ground (3D)
  • 3.2.3 Conclusion
• 3.3 Simulation of multiple scattering using the TLM method
  • 3.3.1 Multiple scattering by 2D circular scatterers
  • 3.3.2 Multiple scattering above a ground (3D)
• 3.4 Conclusion

4 Sound propagation in a simplified forest

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Design of the numerical simulations
  • 4.2.1 Geometry
  • 4.2.2 TLM simulations parameters
• 4.3 Results and discussion
  • 4.3.1 Time signals
  • 4.3.2 Frequency responses
• 4.4 Conclusion

Conclusion
Appendix
Bibliography